“The infected trees were found in plots 3, 12, and 22.”įrequently used fractions should be written out. Numbers that are presented in list form should all appear as numerals if one of them is greater than nine. Numbers should also be used for dates (January 1, 2022), weights (12 ounces), and money ($50). If numbers are followed by units of measurement, they should be represented by numerals, such as 12 mm, 3 years, 2:00 p.m., 5%, and 50✬. For example, “After 12 hours of fasting, the mice in the three groups were given different treatments.” In addition, if a sentence contains both a number followed by a unit and one without a unit, the numbers should be represented differently. For example, “The study included 19 patients 10 were female and nine were male” should be changed so that all of the numbers appear in numerical form because they all refer to patients: “The study included 19 patients 10 were female and 9 were male.” If you have a sentence that contains numbers that refer to the same grouping, they should appear in a consistent form. In general, numbers up to nine are spelled out, while those that are greater are represented by numerals. For example, “22 samples were obtained from the patients” could be reworded as “We obtained 22 samples from the patients,” or you could simply spell out the number, “Twenty-two samples were obtained from the patients.”Įxception: If a chemical compound that has a number at the beginning of it must appear at the start of a sentence (for example, 2-butanol and 1,2-dimethylbenzene), you should not spell out the numerical portion. If possible, you should reword the text so that the number appears within it but not at the beginning or, if you absolutely cannot avoid it, you should spell out the number in full. You should avoid starting titles, headings, subheadings, sentences, or figure captions with a number. If they do, you must be sure that you adhere to all of their requirements and do so consistently. When should numbers be spelled out? When should numerals be used? Should a sentence contain both spelled-out numbers and numerals, and if so, when? Below is a guide to help identify the best solution in these situations with ease.įirst, and most important, be sure to consult your target journal to see if they have a preferred style. Please note that use of professional writing services is to be distinguished from ghostwriting, which is not permitted by JCO PO.Determining how to display numbers in scientific manuscripts can be challenging. Use of any editing service must be noted in the Acknowledgment section, as well as any funding received for use of these services. Their use does not guarantee acceptance of a manuscript for publication. Neither ASCO nor JCO PO takes responsibility for, or endorses, these services. These include design and artwork services, technical review assistance, and research communication solutions.įor more information (including pricing), please visit our Author Services site. In addition to editing support, Editage offers resources to help you prepare, submit, publish, and promote your next article. Translation with Editing – Provide your manuscript in your native language and it will be translated and edited on your behalf, conveying every nuance of your research in perfect scientific English to a global audience. A good option if your manuscript needs thorough revisions and you would like support communicating with the journal editors following submission. Premium Editing PLUS – Publication-focused editing that includes post-submission editorial support. This service is suitable if you would like the Editage editor to check the language, writing style, and organization of your paper. Premium Editing – Publication-focused editing that prepares your manuscript for initial submission. This level of support is suitable for papers that are well-organized and complete with inputs from all co-authors. The American Society of Clinical Oncology partners with Editage to offer an array of Language Editing Services designed to prepare your manuscript for submission.Īdvanced Editing – A final grammar check and proofread. These services can be particularly helpful if English is not your first language. Authors are welcome to use professional writing services, which assist with basic writing and construction of manuscripts. All JCO PO submissions and editorial correspondence must be in English and meet the high-quality standards set by the journal.
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